How to become a physical therapist
How to become a physical therapist
How to become a physical therapist
Becoming a physical therapist (PT) is a multi-step process that requires advanced education, hands-on clinical training, and licensure. However, physical therapy is a fast-growing field with diverse opportunities for advancement and specialization. This step-by-step guide will walk you through the education pathway and requirements, along with other helpful information about how to become a PT.
1. Obtain a bachelor's degree
Most Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs require a bachelor's degree before admission. Some programs offer a 3+3 format, which means taking 3 years of undergraduate courses before advancing into a 3-year DPT program. There's no mandated major, but degrees in biology, kinesiology, exercise science, or related fields are common.
A few programs allow freshmen college students, recruiting them from high school and automatically advancing them into a DPT program provided they plan to complete specific courses and maintain a minimum GPA.
Prerequisites: Typical prerequisites include courses in anatomy, physiology, biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, and statistics.
Experience: During your undergraduate years, gain exposure to the physical therapy field through volunteer work, internships, or observation hours. Many programs require at least 40 hours of observation in multiple clinical settings.
Financial aid: Most DPT students use student loans, although many programs offer scholarships and awards. Use as many grants and scholarships as possible to avoid long-term debt.
2. Take the GRE
Many, but not all, DPT programs require Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores as part of the application. Make sure to check the specific requirements of your target programs and prepare accordingly.
3. Apply to a DPT program
Next, apply to a program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE). Use the Physical Therapist Centralized Application Service (PTCAS) to submit your application, which normally includes:
Transcripts
GRE scores (if required)
Letters of recommendation
Personal statement
Documentation of observation/volunteer hours
DPT programs may offer traditional, hybrid, or flexible learning formats to accommodate various needs.
4. Complete a DPT program
DPT programs usually take 3 years of full-time study. Coursework includes anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, neuroscience, patient care, and therapeutic interventions. Programs also require extensive clinical rotations in different physical therapy settings.
You'll also likely participate in supervised internships, which provide hands-on experience and are essential for developing practical skills.
5. Pass the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE)
After earning a DPT, you must pass the NPTE, which tests your knowledge and clinical skills. Licensure requirements vary by state, so check with your state's licensing board for specific details. Some states may have additional requirements, like jurisprudence exams or background checks.
6. Obtain & maintain state licensure
Next, apply for a license by submitting proof of your education, your exam results, and any other required documents to your state board. Most states also require ongoing continuing education afterward to maintain your license.
7. Optional: Pursue a residency, fellowship, or specialization
After getting your license, you may choose to complete a residency or fellowship for advanced training in a specialty area such as sports, pediatrics, or neurology. This will take longer than general practice but could increase your earning potential.
The American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS) offers certification in areas such as orthopedics, geriatrics, and cardiovascular & pulmonary physical therapy.
How long does it take to become a physical therapist?
The process to become a physical therapist in the United States takes 7 to 8 years on average. Here's a breakdown of the timeline:
| Step | Average duration |
|---|---|
| Bachelor's degree | 4 years |
| DPT program | 3 years |
| Licensure process | 3 – 6+ months |
Undergraduate education: Most programs require you to complete a bachelor's degree, which usually takes 4 years. This degree can be in any field, but you must complete prerequisite courses in subjects like anatomy, biology, chemistry, and physics.
DPT program: Most DPT programs take 3 years of full-time study to complete. Some schools offer accelerated programs that can be completed in 2.5 years, but these are less common.
Licensure: Once you graduate from a DPT program, you must pass the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) and meet any additional state requirements. This process can take several months.
Optional residency: Some physical therapists pursue additional residency or fellowship training in a specialty, which can add 1 to 5 years, but you don't necessarily need it for general practice.
Tips for physical therapists
If you're in a DPT program or are already a licensed PT, follow these tips to ensure professional success and build a rewarding career:
Stay updated with new techniques and research through courses and workshops.
Join Thervo to gain access to more clients and networking tools.
Pursue specialty certifications to enhance your skills and career opportunities.
Effectively educate and motivate patients while collaborating with healthcare teams.
Work with different patient types and settings to broaden your expertise.
Connect with experienced professionals and join organizations like APTA.
Maintain a healthy work-life balance to avoid burnout and stay motivated.
How to become a physical therapist assistant
The process for becoming a physical therapist assistant (PTA) is similar to becoming a PT, although less strenuous and time-consuming:
Earn a high school diploma or GED: This is required for admission to an accredited PTA program. Taking courses in biology, anatomy, and other sciences can be helpful preparation.
Fulfill prerequisites: Some programs require prerequisite courses (e.g., anatomy, medical terminology) and may require immunizations, CPR certification, and drug screenings before enrollment.
Complete a PTA associate degree program: Enroll in an accredited program. These programs are available at community colleges and take about 2 years (5 semesters) to complete. Curriculum includes classes such as anatomy, physiology, kinesiology, and ethics, as well as lab work and about 16 weeks of full-time clinical education.
Graduate and prepare for licensure: After earning your associate degree, you are eligible to take the National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE) for PTAs.
Obtain a state license: Most states require you to pass the NPTE to become licensed or certified as a PTA. Some states may have additional requirements, such as background checks or jurisprudence exams.
FAQs about how to become a PT
How much does it cost to become a physical therapist?
Becoming a physical therapist costs $70,000 to $200,000 in tuition and fees, depending on your residency status and whether you attend a public or private school. Public in-state programs are more affordable than private and out-of-state programs.
On average, a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program costs around $97,000, making it a substantial investment in education and training. These estimates exclude living expenses, books, and other personal costs, which can add significantly to the total.
How much do physical therapists make?
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, physical therapists in the United States earn a median annual salary of $99,700. Salaries range from about $72,300 to $130,900, depending on location, experience, work setting, and specialization. Physical therapists charge $80 to $150 per session on average.
Physical therapists working in home healthcare services tend to earn the highest median salaries, followed by those in hospitals and nursing care facilities. Geographic location also plays a significant role. For example, states like California, Nevada, and New Jersey report average annual salaries above $100,000.
What do physical therapists do?
Physical therapists treat patients with injuries, disabilities, or medical conditions that limit movement or daily function. They assess patient medical histories, observe movement, and develop individualized treatment plans aimed at improving mobility, managing pain, and restoring function.
PTs use a variety of techniques, including exercises, stretching, and equipment such as electrical stimulation or ultrasound. They work with patients of all ages, educate them and their families on self-care and injury prevention, document progress, and collaborate with other healthcare professionals to ensure comprehensive care.
Where do physical therapists work?
Physical therapists work in a variety of settings, including:
Private practices and clinics
Hospitals (state, local, and private)
Outpatient rehabilitation centers
Nursing homes and skilled nursing facilities
Home health agencies, providing care in patients' homes
Schools and educational institutions
Sports and fitness facilities
Physician's offices
PTs often collaborate with other healthcare professionals and may work weekdays with some evening or weekend hours, depending on the setting.
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